全文获取类型
收费全文 | 957篇 |
免费 | 56篇 |
国内免费 | 57篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 985篇 |
晶体学 | 7篇 |
力学 | 5篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
物理学 | 72篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 17篇 |
2022年 | 30篇 |
2021年 | 56篇 |
2020年 | 42篇 |
2019年 | 43篇 |
2018年 | 35篇 |
2017年 | 38篇 |
2016年 | 38篇 |
2015年 | 35篇 |
2014年 | 23篇 |
2013年 | 48篇 |
2012年 | 59篇 |
2011年 | 35篇 |
2010年 | 29篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2008年 | 24篇 |
2007年 | 42篇 |
2006年 | 37篇 |
2005年 | 25篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 20篇 |
2002年 | 40篇 |
2001年 | 17篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1070条查询结果,搜索用时 453 毫秒
1.
This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) procedures for metal ions preconcentration and their contributions to green chemistry. In this article we focused on the modifications that have been performed in the recent years to improve this environmentally friendly procedure. Among the most important of these modifications are the inclusion of ultrasonic energy, vortex and air agitation to enhance the dispersion process. The article also discussed new challenges in the procedure by using more ecofriendly solvents as extractants such as ionic liquids, deep eutectic. and supramolecular solvents. The coupling of SFODME with solid phase extraction increases selectivity and efficiency of the preconcentration procedure. 相似文献
2.
Most of the novel highly potent drugs, developed on the basis of modern molecular medicine, taking into account cell surface recognition techniques, show poor water solubility. A chemical modification of the drug substance enhancing the solubility often decreases the pharmacological activity. Thus, as an alternative an increase of the solubility can be obtained by the reduction of the size of the drug particles. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to obtain micro or nanosized drug particles by classical or more advanced crystallization using supercritical gases or by milling techniques. In addition, nanosized particles are often not physically stable and need to be stabilized in an appropriate matrix. Thus, it may be of interest to manufacture directly nanosized drug particles stabilized in an inert hydrophilic matrix, i.e. nanostructured and nanocomposite systems. Solid solutions and solid dispersions represent nanostructured and nanocomposite systems. In this context, the use of the vacuum-fluidized-bed technique for the spray-drying of a low water soluble drug cosolubilized with a hydrophilic excipient in a polar organic solvent is discussed. In order to avoid the use of organic solvents, a special spray-freeze-drying technique working at atmospheric pressure is presented. This process is very suitable for temperature and otherwise sensitive drugs such as pharmaproteins. 相似文献
3.
A practical access to alkyl- and aryl-substituted (E)-2-(azidomethyl)alkenoates and related azido compounds from the corresponding allylic bromides in aqueous acetone is described. An alternative method to obtain the starting bromides based on heterogeneous catalysis under mild conditions was also investigated. 相似文献
4.
Dielectric relaxation study of the binary mixtures of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) (Mw=24000, 40000 and 360000 g mol−1) with ethyl alcohol (EA) and poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) (Mw=200 and 400 g mol−1) in dilute solutions of dioxane were carried out at 10.1 GHz and 35°C. The relaxation time of PVP-EA mixtures was interpreted
by the consideration of a wait-and-switch model in the local structure of self-associated ethyl alcohol molecules and also
the PVP chain length as a geometric constraint for the reorientational motion of ethyl alcohol molecules. The formation of
complexes and effect of PVP chain length on the molecular dynamics, chain flexibility and stretching of PEG molecules in PVP-PEG
mixtures were explored from the comparative values of dielectric relaxation time. Further, relaxation time values in dioxane
and benzene solvent confirm the viscosity independent molecular dynamics in PVP-EA mixtures but the values vary significantly
with the non-polar solvent environment. 相似文献
5.
V. Badescu M. Radu M. Zaharescu A. Vasilescu 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1994,2(1-3):43-49
Gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate the hydrolysis and condensation of tetra-ethoxysilane (TEOS) in nonparental solvents (MeOH and nPrOH). In the presence of nonparental solvents, the reaction that advanced at highest rate is alkoxy group scrambling, that changes the precursor at the molecular level. Subsequent stages of hydrolysis-polycondensation process are essentially determined by the reactivity of the new molecular species formed. 相似文献
6.
The self-diffusion of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene in polystyrene have been analyzed using the Vrentas/Duda free-volume diffusion model. Diffusion coefficient predictions suggest an exponential concentration dependence of the activation energy required to overcome attractive forces, E. Without the use of any diffusion data approximating E as zero over the entire concentration range yields self-diffusion coefficient predictions which are in good agreement with experimental data. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
7.
The use of reagent concentration has resulted in increased rates for all stages of the REM resin synthesis of tertiary amines. These increases in rate translate into faster reaction times, higher yields and lower reagent consumption. Of the methods examined, the most successful was the use of perfluorous solvents, either alone or with a small amount of organic co-solvent. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
本文研究了有机溶剂加入后,表面活性剂增敏型体系微环境的变化。用核磁共振方法确定了有机溶剂分子与CTMAB胶束分子的作用部位。通过CTMAB溶液电导率测定及c.m.c值的测定,发现有机溶剂加入确实形成了一种新胶束。还研究了有机溶剂对显色反应速度的影响。并考察了体系微环境变化与相应显色液吸光度值的关系。我们的实验初步表明,有机溶剂的存在,改变了原有的CTMAB胶束,是增敏作用的重要因素,因而改变了发生显色反应的微环境。 相似文献